Why American Troops Are Being Sent Overseas Essays -

Why American Troops are being Sent Overseas Why American Troops are being Sent Overseas American troops are being sent overseas to maintain peace in a nation involved in a civil war. Whether the peace troops should or should not be sent overseas, they are being sent overseas. I do not believe that it is the responsibility of American troops to make peace in a country that is at Civil war. A civil war is a war fought within a nation between that nations people. By sending peace troops to East Timor the United States is now becoming involved in this nations war. This could cause the United States to go to war. The arrival of multinational troops could bring more violence, destruction, and chaos to East Timor. On the other hand it could also bring protection to the many people who have fled the violence from the Indonesian Militia. Force should not have to be used to make or keep peace in any country; therefore it is not necessary for American troops to have to risk there lives trying to make peace in a country that won't make peace until they get what they want, INDEPENDENCE. Sending troops into Dili, East Timor may help persuade the people to make peace, but it is not necessary to send all of those troops. Just a few mediators would be sufficient to help make peace. If the nations at battle would just talk they might be able to negotiate a peace treaty and there would be cooperation without more violence. American troops would not be exposed to the violence either. The United States is a country known for helping other countries in there time of need, and the United States always plays a big role in every country, whatever the situation may be. East Timor is fighting for there independence. The United States should not send more troops to help the Dili militia fight, but send trained people who know how to persuade people to make peace. Then the United States would be setting a good example by not using violence, and would still be protecting the people. The role of the United States is very important, and the United States has quite an image to keep up. Sometimes the United States does not know what the right decision is, and until they try one of there choices they will not know what the right or wrong decision is. It is not the United States responsibility to make peace in a country at civil war. It is the nations' that are at war who are responsible for making peace in their country. Unless the United States is at war American troops should be able to stay at home with their families. If the United States believe that it is their responsibility to help in some way, than they should help. Even if the United States does send mediators to Indonesia and East Timor they are still becoming involved in that civil war, but they are not using violence, and will not cause any more deaths. The United States would still be protecting the people just by having them talk to each other, instead of the people using force and violence. Any problem can be resolved by talking about it in a mature manner, and no one will be hurt in the process. Someday, it may not be soon and we may not live to see it, but this world will be a Utopia, a perfect place for all. There will be no more fighting or violence, only love and peace. Until that day we must strive to make this world a better place for all generations to come.

Legalisation of Marijuana essays

Legalisation of Marijuana essays The possession of, or intent to sell, marijuana is illegal today and has been legislated against since the passing of the Harrison Act in 1914. The Uniform Narcotics Act in 1932 listed it, and many other drugs illegal, although in many states and towns it has been illegal for longer. Before the passing of the Uniform Narcotic Drug act twenty-two states had already enacted anti-cannabis laws in some form. New York City sanitary laws had prohibited marijuana in 1914, and in 1915 Utah became the first state to restrict its possession and sale. The Harrison Act was a regulatory measure disguised as a tax act. Permits to distribute and grow marijuana were allowed by the act, but were often denied without reason. In 1932, just prior to the passing of the Uniform Narcotic Drug act, commissioner Harold Anslinger of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics admitted that few states had actually responded to the Harrison Act. The Uniform Narcotics act did not try to make marijuana illegal, but urged states to make prohibitive laws concerning its sale and use. During the early 1900s drug addiction and drug related crimes were growing at a rapid pace. This created an awareness and movement to stop the problems that were caused by the drugs. The Uniform Narcotic Drug act was a response to the concerns of the public. The inclusion of marijuana in the prohibited drug lists was caused by many factors. Utah was not surprisingly the earliest state to pass a law against marijuana, mostly because of its large Mormon population. The Mormons did not like any pollutant to the body, or intoxicating substance, and outlawed marijuana along with a long list of other drugs. The law was given very little note by either the press or Utahs lawmakers. During the time when the earliest laws were passed against marijuana the eastern states mainly viewed it as a problem because the people believed that it would be a substitute for alcohol. During prohib...

The accreditation process for criminal forensic laboratories Research Proposal

The accreditation process for criminal forensic laboratories - Research Proposal Example Probably one of the most significances advances in forensic technology evolved from one of the most significant tragedies of our history: the attack on the World Trade Center in New York City, 9/11. "After the terrorist strikes, 21,741 remains were recovered. So far, 11,989, or 55 percent, have been identified. More than 1,100 of New York's 2,750 victims have not been identified because many of the remains were too badly compromised by heat and time . . ." (Frasier). Today, years after the attack, identification of victims through DNA technology is still going on. Much of this work is being done at a private lab in Ann Arbor, Michigan called Gene Codes Corp. Gene Codes Corp's founder and CEO, Howard Cash calls his work, "the most important thing I'll ever do in my professional life" (Detroit Free Press). Cash's company has also worked to identify victims of the tsunami in Asia, and the London subway bombings. "Cash and his colleagues created software they called MFISys (pronounced EM PHASIS), for mass fatality identification, for the 9/11 project. It compared data from three types of DNA tests on 20,000 partial human remains to the DNA from more than 3,000 cheek swabs of victims' kin and 8,000 personal effects. They updated the software nearly 140 times . . ." (detroit free press). In June of 2008 another victim of the attack has been identified through remains recovered in the past two years in and around Ground Zero, according to the AP. "Examiners made the identification in the past two days after retesting remains from the original recovery effort following the attacks on the World Trade Center" (Frasier). The use of forensic DNA technology is considered critical to the execution of justice in today's world. Both the science of DNA and the lens through which forensic science has been scrutinized have evolved since it was first used to identify a suspect in the rape and murder of two young women in Leicester, England in the mid 1980's (Presley, 1999). Soon after its landmark use in Europe, DNA technologies have become more sophisticated and more widely used in forensic settings in the United States, yet it was decades after its first admission in court that the laboratories responsible for the analysis of the evidence were accredited by a professional organization. For these reasons, the use of DNA technology has been at the heart of the push for accreditation for all criminal forensic laboratories and while these practices became standard in the courtroom relatively early in their history, they were not without controversy. In fact, it was the controversy which initially led to the accreditation process. In an article in the Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics, Paul Giannelli wrote about the 1989 Supreme Court case "People V. Castro". This case was one of the first to criticize DNA evidence as it was presented in court. What was successfully argued in this particular case was the " . . . DNA evidence testing laboratory failed in its responsibility to perform the accepted scientific techniques . . ." (Giannelli, 2006). It is important to note that the science of DNA technology was not called into question; it was the methods used by the laboratory that resulted in the conviction being overturned. Over half a century before the Castro case, another legal decision,

English as an Additional Language Learning Programs for Multicultural Case Study

English as an Additional Language Learning Programs for Multicultural Students - Case Study Example Before 19th century ends, there are already more than ten states that had implemented this English as an additional language Law. Some localities also had also English as an additional language but without the admission and permission of the state. During the 20th century there are already more than a thousands of students who had already adopt the English as an additional language. At present, there are already millions of people worldwide who are studying English as an additional language.Because of growing global migration, national, and linguistic diversity in different Irish Schools, English as an additional language became more widespread and more evident. In Ireland, different schools had been in need of this English as an additional language. The Department of Education and Science earn funds for the English Language for the different students in Ireland. Today, the growing need for the establishment of English as an additional language around northern Ireland is indeed a pro per distinction as to how the nation tries to provide the necessary indications that are needed to be considered when it comes to educating their visitors of the language that could assure them of a better future in the country and even in the field of modern global approach.The British society at present has the highest rate of having a multicultural society. The advancement of the economic developments that globalization has opened to the British society has made it possible for people from all sections of the world come towards the so called 'dream land', the British territories. Some are coming in the country for the sake of employment, some for education and some for permanent residential. As a result, the students who are coming from different nations around the world meet a challenge of dealing with the difficulty of living and getting used to a the living that is accustomed for the foreign land that they ought to fit into. In this paper, a comprehensive set of lessons shall be discussed that would be directly applicable to any subject in general. The applicability of the said lessons is attested by the fact that in dealing with multicultural classes, there is a certain need of having a variety of approaches as to how the subjects are presented. Problem Statement It has been mentioned earlier that there is a dire need of producing or formulating programs that suits the need of adults and young students as well to learn business English for them to be prepared in facing the real business world later on. Hence, the problem that is to be discussed in this paper is much related on the way that the educators were motivated to make the necessary adjustment for the said program applications. The following are among the questions to be answered: How could the educators be moved to take advantage of the current need of 'producing' students who are able to speak English as their Second Language, thus giving the business industries higher competencies in the future' How should the educators feel about the progressive teaching strategies that the program requires of them' Would there be progress in applying the necessary points of consideration in the said program, especially with regards to teaching strategies' These questions shall serve as guidelines for the author of this paper in completing the required data for this assignment. Purpose of the Study The main reason why this study has been commenced is to be able to show the important factors that motivational procedures contribute to the success of different educational programs offered specifically in Toronto. These programs involve different

Consider the cross cultural management implications for a UK manager Essay

Consider the cross cultural management implications for a UK manager undertaking an international business assignment to another country (of your choice) - Essay Example As a result, the concept of cross-cultural management is gaining popularity in the modern world. Managing across cultures is a product of globalisation (Dierks, 2001) such that, an expatriate from a foreign culture moves to a totally new culture and is required to manage people from diverse cultural backgrounds. Many people who have moved to new cultures or societies have experienced challenges. Although majority has succeeded, some have found it difficult and failed in their international duties. Managing across cultures requires those involved to adjust to numerous conflicting or competing cultural needs, while at the same time maintaining their culture. In this regard, one has to increase efforts of understanding other people’s cultures, their way of doing things, their way of management, and also how such people do things in general (Magala, 2005). Understanding culture has become important to international companies and managers operating in different countries. This report looks at the management journey of an international manager from United Kingdom, who is sent on an international mission in USA and has to carry out international duties in one of the multinational companies in the country. The report will explore and discuss management problems and challenges likely to be experienced by the manager as reflected in the cultures of the two countries. Furthermore, there would be discussion on the best ways through which the manager can ensure he or she fits well in the new environment and culture. Different nations around the world have different cultures. The differences in cultures have influenced different nations to manifest little similarities and huge dissimilarities. Cultures of different societies have played important roles, which may include cultures acting as mechanisms in societies that allow maintenance of stability across many generations (Hofstede, 2001). Culture is seen as the value system of a given society where majority of

Total Quality Management Deming Prize Management Essay

Total Quality Management Deming Prize Management Essay The Deming prize is an award given to the company that has highest continued development of quality control in Japan. It was established by the Union of Japanese Scientists and Engineers (JUSE) in December 1950 to appreciate and honor of Dr. William Edwards Deming for his contribution in quality control and development of Statistical Quality of Control in Japanese industry.http://www.juse.or.jp/e/deming/75/images/medal_deming.gif This award have high role in supporting the Total Quality Management (TQM) in many ways. Firstly this award acts as a catalyst for companies in Japan on implementing TQM. They will develop a new and effective quality management method for their own benefit. If the method have major influence directly or indirectly on the development of quality control, then they will established the method for implementation and can be practice by others company. For a company, getting Deming prize award is an advantage for them because it will lift up their reputation among others competitor on eyes of client. Besides this award can measure their achievement in continuous improvement further implementing the Total Quality Management (TQM). CONTENT 1 There are three categories of award, The Deming Prize for Individuals, The Deming Application Prize or Deming Prize and The Quality Control Award for Operation Business Unit. The Deming Application Prize given to companies or divisions of companies that have achieved distinctive performance improvement through the application of TQM in a designated year while The Deming Prize for Individuals given to individuals who have made outstanding contributions to the study of TQM or statistical methods used for TQM, or individuals who have made outstanding contributions in the dissemination of TQM. [1] Then for The Quality Control Award for Operations Business Units is given to operations business units of a company that have achieved distinctive performance improvement through the application of quality control/management in the pursuit of TQM in a designated year. [2] There is also The Deming Application Prize for Overseas Companies. In 1984, overseas companies can apply for Deming prize with established of the Deming Application Prize Administrative Regulation. Then in 1997, it was change to enable overseas companies to apply for the Quality Control Award for Operations Business Units. [3] Nowadays, The Deming Application Prize, the Quality Control Award for Operations Business Units, and the Japan Quality Medal are open to overseas companies. However, the Deming Prize for Individuals is open only to Japanese candidates. There are three type of organization that has implemented TQM qualified for receiving the Deming Prize. They are: Customer-oriented business objectives and strategies are established in a positive manner according to the management philosophy, type of industry, business scale, and business environment with the clear management belief. TQM has been implemented properly to achieve business objectives and strategies as mentioned in Item 1 above. The business objectives and strategies in the Item 1 above have been achieving effects as an outcome of the Item 2 above. After an organization applies for this award, they will go through 2 examinations. First is the document examination that is based on the description of TQM Practice and if pass the document examination then they will have an on-site examination. Committee will judge on the evaluation criteria and reports the result to the Deming Prize Committee. Once they determine the winner, they will publish with the reason why the organization receives the prize followed by the award ceremony. CONTENT 2 The Deming Application Prize is given to an applicant company that effectively practices TQM suitable to its management principles, type of industry, and business scope. More specifically, the following viewpoints are used for the examination to determine whether or not the applicant should be awarded the Prize. Policy Policies pursued for management quality, and quality control Method of establishing policies Justifiability and consistency of policies Utilization of statistical methods Transmission and diffusion of policies Review of policies and the results achieved Relationship between policies and long- and short-term planning Organizational and its management Explicitness of the scopes of authority and responsibility Appropriateness of delegations of authority Interdivisional cooperation Committees and their activities Utilization of staff Utilization of QC Circle activities Quality control diagnosis Education and dissemination Education programs and results Quality- and control-consciousness, degrees of understanding of quality control Teaching of statistical concepts and methods, and the extent of their dissemination Grasp of the effectiveness of quality control Education of related company (particularly those in the same group, sub-contractors, consignees, and distributers) QC circle activities System of suggesting ways of improvements and its actual conditions Collection and use of information of quality Collection of external information Transmission of information between divisions Speed of information transmission (use of computers) Data processing statistical analysis of information and utilization of the results Analysis Selection of key problems and themes Propriety of the analytical approach Utilization of statistical methods Linkage with proper technology Quality analysis, process analysis Utilization of analytical results Assertiveness of improvement suggestions Standardization Systematization of standards Method of establishing, revising, and abolishing standards Outcome of the establishment, revision, or abolition of standards Contents of the standards Utilization of statistical methods Accumulation of technology Utilization of standards Control Systems for the control of quality and such related matters as cost and quantity Control items and control points Utilization of such statistical control methods as control charts and other statistical concepts Contribution to performance of QC circle activities Actual conditions of control activities State of maters under control Quality assurance Procedure for the development of new products and services (analysis and upgrading of quality, checking of design, reliability, and other properties) Safety and immunity from product liability Customer satisfaction Process design, process analysis, and process control and improvement Process capability Instrumentation, gauging, testing, and inspecting Equipment maintenance, and control of subcontracting, purchasing, and services Quality assurance system and its audit Utilization of statistical methods Evaluation and audit of quality Actual state of quality assurance Result Measurements of results Substantive results in quality, services, delivery time, cost, profits, safety, environments, etc. Intangible results Measures for overcoming defects Planning for the future Grasp of the present state of affairs and the concreteness of the plan Measures for overcoming defects Plans for further advances Linkage with the long-term plans Effect of the Deming Prize From the date of establishment until now there more than 200 organizations have receive/awarded the Deming Prize. Study and information from these prize winner organizations show that there are several positive effects impact of been awarded with Deming Prize. Quality Stabilization and Improvement Concept of quality and controlling business activities with reduction of part defects, service defects, installation defect and market claim have allowed organization to provide customer with quality products and services that are matched with customer requirements and organization policies. Due to this improvement many organizations have acquired a world-class reputation. Productivity Improvement/Cost Reduction Activities such as lower manufacturing defects, increased customer satisfaction, reduce man-hour and improve production control systems have also enhanced productivity. Expanded Sales With strengthen their management system have contribute to capture new customer and market which have improved customer satisfaction and result in increased sales. Increased Profits By improvement cost reduction and expand sales of course will increased profit for the organization. This shows implementing TQM will result of highly cost effective business performance. Thorough Implementation of Management Plans/Business Plans In order to secure profits, the management or business plan plans must base on the profit plans. By analyze historical business performance can improve the deficiency and will efficiently policies and objective of business plans. Realization of Top Managements Dreams To realize top managements dream the main factor that hold this is the organization culture and tradition or the habit. Top management at these organizations often pleasantly states, We were able to achieve at once many things we had wanted to accomplish for years. [4] TQM by Total Participation and Improvement of the Organizational Constitution Some top management says, Through challenging for the Deming Prize, we became convinced that it is possible for us to accomplish anything when all our employees cooperate. We have become much better at interdepartmental communications and cross functional management. [5] Others than that are Heightened Motivation to Manage and Improve as Well as to Promote Standardization, Uniting Total Organizational Power and Enhancing Morale and Establishment of Various Management Systems and the Total Management System CONTENT 3 In order to check for effectiveness of something or some method, people usually tend to compared with others method that is closed to it. Same goes to The Deming Prize. Here I will compare and differentiate the Deming Prize with the Baldrige Award and ISO 9000. Basis Baldrige Award Deming Prize ISO 9000 Purpose Encourage sharing of competitiveness learning and drive this learning nationally Award companies that continually apply company-wide quality control based on statistical quality control Provide common basis for assuring buyers that specific practices, including documentation conform with providers state quality systems Focus Customer satisfaction prevention of quality problems Customer satisfaction prevention of quality problems Conformity to practices specified in the registrants own quality system Eligibility Limited to U.S. companies only Individuals, factories and divisions or small companies worldwide Companies, divisions and facilities around the world Time frame 1 year cycles renew after 5 years 2 to 5 years preparation with JUSE apply when ready Takes 6 to 12months depending on starting point and urgency Information sharing Winners required to share nonproprietary information on quality strategies with other US organizations Dissemination of information is voluntary and minimal Registrants have no obligations to share information with others The actual Deming Prize which is provided to businesses offers a good impact directly and indirectly within the improvement high quality management within the Japanese. The Deming winning firms from the Toyota group represented companies with significantly more experience in TQM on average prior to competing for the Deming Prize than the rest of our sample. Further, we suggested that the degree of experience in TQM could play a moderating role in the relationship between winning a quality award and firm performance. For example, researchers have found that while the phenomenon of the winners curse rarely dissipates, it can diminish in size (Lindand Plott, 1991). In one study, Hanson and Lott (1991) found that reducing the uncertainty over an items value can decrease the average price paid by the winners. Therefore, the reduction of uncertainty appears to have a moderating effect on the size of the winners curse. Further, Lind and Plott (1991) found that in winners curse situations, experience is related to the degree of uncertainty reduction. Specifically, the more experience a firm has with the item that it is bidding for, the more efficient and ef fective those firms are in providing the winning bid. It would seem reasonable to suggest that the degree of experience a firm has with TQM, the more efficient and effective they could be in bidding for a quality award. Further, it is also reasonable to argue that firms with more experience in TQM prior to competing for a quality award will not have to focus as exclusively on winning to the degree that an inexperienced firm would. Therefore, experience would also have a moderating effect on the dangers of simplicity. In sum, by moderating the effects of both the dangers of simplicity and the winners curse, experience would have a moderating influence on the relationship between winning a quality award and firm performance. More specifically, the more experience the firm in TQM prior to competing for a quality award, the less likely they will be adversely affected by the dangers of simplicity and the winners curse and thus the more likely they will experience improvements in performance after winning a quality award. Conversely, the less experience the firm in TQM has prior to competing for a quality award the more likely is it that they will be adversely affected by the dangers of simplicity and the winners curse and thus the more likely that these firms will experience performance shortfalls after winning a quality award. CONCLUSION In my opinion, The Deming Prize has major contribution in affect the implementation of the TQM among the companies. People tend to seek for this award by making improvement involve of all company from top management to general worker. If they dont win the award but their own achievement is not a waste. Other than that, an organization that have implemented of TQM will gain improvement in productivity, cost reduction and stability of quality besides expand sales and increased profit. REFERENCE [1] Anshuman Sharma, Kushal Rastogi, Priya Rajvansh, Deming Prize [2] Anshuman Sharma, Kushal Rastogi, Priya Rajvansh, Deming Prize [3] http://deming.org/index.cfm?content=511 /11 December 2012 / 9.12a.m. [4] Introduction of the Deming prize 2012 for overseas. Gary Dessler, Dana L. Farrow Implementing a Successful Quality Improvement Programme in a Service Company: Winning the Deming Prize T. Fasil, H. Osada An Empirical Study on Deming Prize Winners from India and Thailand Graduate School of Innovation Management, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan Anthony L. Iaquinto Can winners be losers? The case of the Deming prize for quality and performance among large Japanese manufacturing firms (function() { var scribd = document.createElement("script"); scribd.type = "text/javascript"; scribd.async = true; scribd.src = "https://www.scribd.com/javascripts/embed_code/inject.js"; var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(scribd, s); })() The W. Edwards Deming Institute Union of Japanese Scientists and Engineers (JUSE) http://www.juse.or.jp/e/deming/index.html http://deming.org/index.cfm?content=51

Artificial Olfactory Enhancement :: Olfactory Enhancement Essays

Artificial Olfactory Enhancement The human olfactory system is responsible for perceiving the chemical world around us. By sampling the environment, we can determine the presence of other individuals, possible danger, or distinguish acceptable food. Consisting of our sense of taste and smell, the olfactory system is a highly interrelated coordination of chemical and nerve responses. Yet as we have all experienced, human olfaction has limits. The popular image of a bloodhound leading hunters through the woods is one example of these limits. The scent trail that is all too easily picked up by the hound is completely elusive to his human companions. This is partially due to the dogà ­s possession of nearly twenty times more olfactory neurons than humans. Another example is evident in airports across the country. Long lines of passengers wait in line while a security guard swabs a bag and passes the sample under a mysterious black box. The machine squawks an alarm and the owner of the bag is promptly arrested for concealing explosive material. These are two simple situations in which the human olfactory system is not sufficient to meet our needs. We are dependent upon these machines and animals in order to achieve our goals. They are examples where we have identified a shortcoming of human abilities and have attempted to augment them through the aid of external devices. Nearly every aspect of human ability has seen the same attempt at embellishment. Even those that have lost functioning are able to regain some ability through the aid of external devices. Yet while wheelchairs and hearing aids are effective to an extent, it is doubtless that those individuals would benefit more if they were free from mechanical restraints. To integrate the advancement into the body itself creates an autonomous individual, whether brought back to normal functioning or elevated beyond. In the case of an individual elevated beyond normal biology, we would have expanded our own potential. An olfaction enhanced security guard could detect explosives or drugs instantaneously, without the cumbersome dependency upon a stationary device. An enhanced doctor could evaluate a patient using the subtle scent cues often present in disease. The potential for olfactory enhancement is clear. This paper will examine the potential for an augmented human olfactory system using electronic devices implanted in the body.

Tasmac

Chapter 20: Development Experience Of India Pakistan And China- A Comparative Study Learning Objectives: INTRODUCTION : *China *Pakistan COMPARITIVE STUDY: INDIA, CHINA AND PAKISTAN †¢ Demographic Indicators †¢ Growth Indicators †¢ Human development Indicators. †¢ Appraisal of Development Strategies ( China and Pakistan ) Q1. Compare between India, China,& Pakistan in terms of GDP growthrate. Ans: After the Independence in 1947, India & Pakistan adopted planned development programmes which relied on public sector to spearhead the process of growth and development. China adopted more rigorous model of growth in 1949 and it decided to bring all critical areas of production activity under government control. †¢ The great leap forward (GLF) campaign was launched in 1958, focusing on widespread Industrialization of the Economy. People were encouraged to launch household Industry in the country yards. †¢ China adopted Commune system of agricultural production which was a system of collective cultivation. †¢ Great Proletarian Cultural revolution launched in 1065 and making it mandatory for the students and professionals to go to the country side to work and learn from the countryside. Chinas Export driven manufacturing is the key parameter of its success story in economic growth. †¢ Till about 1980, the economies of India, china, & Pakistan did not show much divergence in the GDP growth rate and it was around 4% annually. †¢ It was around early 1980s in China, mid 80’s in Pakistan, 90’s in India that the breakthrough in GDP Growth rate was recorded. †¢ In 2005, India & Pakistan both recorded GDP growth of 6 to 8 percent, where as china recorded GDP growth of about 10% per annum. 2.Compare the structure of growth between India, China, and Pakistan. % Share in GDP % share in employment India Pakistan China India Pakistan China Primary 23 23 15 60 49 54 Secondary 26 23 53 16 18 27 Tertiary 51 54 32 24 33 19 China has succeeded in placing greater reliance on Industrial sector compared to India &Pakistan. It is due to (i) GLF , a campaign launched in China in 1958 focusing on widespread Industrialization of the Country . (ii) Policy of reforms and opening up launched in 1978 which gave big push to china’s manufacturing exports.Page | 74 Sector Q4. What is the important implication of the one child norm in China? Ans : One child norm in China has successfully reduced the growth rate of population . †¢ After few decades in china there will be more elderly people in proportion to young people. †¢ This will force China to take steps to provide social security measures with fewer workers. Q5. Compare the Demographic profile of India, China, and Pakistan. Ans: One child policy in china adopted since 1979 has reduced the growth rate of population from 1. 3 percent in 1979 to0. 64% in 2005. (i) Growth rate of Population Country Growth rate of Population 0. 64 China 1. 33 India 2 . 5 Pakistan Fertility rate is also very low in china as Compared to India & Pakistan. ii)Low Density of Population Country Person per square kilometer China 138 India 358 Pakistan 193 iii) Urbanization Country % of Population China 36% India 28% Pakistan 34% iv) Sex ratio Country Female per 1000 male China 937 India 933 Pakistan 922 Q6. Compare between the parameter of Human development. Ans.Human development i)HDI Ranking Country Ranking in the world China 81 India 128 Pakistan 136 ii) INFANT MORTALITY RATE Country Per thousand China 30 India 63 Pakistan 81 iii) Maternal Mortality Rate Country Per Lack China 56 Page | 75 India Pakistan iv) Improved Sanitation Country China India Pakistan v) Safe Drinking Water facility Country China India China vi) Below Poverty Line Country China India Pakistan 540 500 Of Population 44% 30% 54% Of Population 77% 86% 77% Of Population 16. 6% 21. 8% 13. 4% Q7. Mention the common success story of India &Pakistan.Ans; i) A substantial rise in GDP per capita. ii) Self-sufficiency in food production. iii) Dualistic nature of the economy is gradually declining. iv) Considerable increase in the incidence of poverty. Q8. Mention the common failures of India and Pakistan. Ans. I) Relatively slow pace of GDP growth rate as Compared to China. 2) Poor performance in HDI ranking. 3) Poor fiscal management. 4) Lack of political interest for social prosperity. Q 9. Mention the areas where India has an edge over Pakistan. Ans. i) Skilled manpower ii) Investment in Education. ii) Health facilities. Q10. Mention the areas where Pakistan has an edge over India. Ans: 1) Urbanization 2) Less percentage of population below poverty line. 3) More percentage of population having access to improved water sources. Q11. Mention the areas where China has an edge over India. Ans. 1) China has successfully focused on Pro-poor reforms. 2) Agrarian reforms have been effectively carried out. 3) Export driven manufacturing has significantly grown, adding to t he pace of GDP growth. 4) SEZ policy has proved to be a boon for FDI flow in India. Page | 76 Tasmac Chapter 20: Development Experience Of India Pakistan And China- A Comparative Study Learning Objectives: INTRODUCTION : *China *Pakistan COMPARITIVE STUDY: INDIA, CHINA AND PAKISTAN †¢ Demographic Indicators †¢ Growth Indicators †¢ Human development Indicators. †¢ Appraisal of Development Strategies ( China and Pakistan ) Q1. Compare between India, China,& Pakistan in terms of GDP growthrate. Ans: After the Independence in 1947, India & Pakistan adopted planned development programmes which relied on public sector to spearhead the process of growth and development. China adopted more rigorous model of growth in 1949 and it decided to bring all critical areas of production activity under government control. †¢ The great leap forward (GLF) campaign was launched in 1958, focusing on widespread Industrialization of the Economy. People were encouraged to launch household Industry in the country yards. †¢ China adopted Commune system of agricultural production which was a system of collective cultivation. †¢ Great Proletarian Cultural revolution launched in 1065 and making it mandatory for the students and professionals to go to the country side to work and learn from the countryside. Chinas Export driven manufacturing is the key parameter of its success story in economic growth. †¢ Till about 1980, the economies of India, china, & Pakistan did not show much divergence in the GDP growth rate and it was around 4% annually. †¢ It was around early 1980s in China, mid 80’s in Pakistan, 90’s in India that the breakthrough in GDP Growth rate was recorded. †¢ In 2005, India & Pakistan both recorded GDP growth of 6 to 8 percent, where as china recorded GDP growth of about 10% per annum. 2.Compare the structure of growth between India, China, and Pakistan. % Share in GDP % share in employment India Pakistan China India Pakistan China Primary 23 23 15 60 49 54 Secondary 26 23 53 16 18 27 Tertiary 51 54 32 24 33 19 China has succeeded in placing greater reliance on Industrial sector compared to India &Pakistan. It is due to (i) GLF , a campaign launched in China in 1958 focusing on widespread Industrialization of the Country . (ii) Policy of reforms and opening up launched in 1978 which gave big push to china’s manufacturing exports.Page | 74 Sector Q4. What is the important implication of the one child norm in China? Ans : One child norm in China has successfully reduced the growth rate of population . †¢ After few decades in china there will be more elderly people in proportion to young people. †¢ This will force China to take steps to provide social security measures with fewer workers. Q5. Compare the Demographic profile of India, China, and Pakistan. Ans: One child policy in china adopted since 1979 has reduced the growth rate of population from 1. 3 percent in 1979 to0. 64% in 2005. (i) Growth rate of Population Country Growth rate of Population 0. 64 China 1. 33 India 2 . 5 Pakistan Fertility rate is also very low in china as Compared to India & Pakistan. ii)Low Density of Population Country Person per square kilometer China 138 India 358 Pakistan 193 iii) Urbanization Country % of Population China 36% India 28% Pakistan 34% iv) Sex ratio Country Female per 1000 male China 937 India 933 Pakistan 922 Q6. Compare between the parameter of Human development. Ans.Human development i)HDI Ranking Country Ranking in the world China 81 India 128 Pakistan 136 ii) INFANT MORTALITY RATE Country Per thousand China 30 India 63 Pakistan 81 iii) Maternal Mortality Rate Country Per Lack China 56 Page | 75 India Pakistan iv) Improved Sanitation Country China India Pakistan v) Safe Drinking Water facility Country China India China vi) Below Poverty Line Country China India Pakistan 540 500 Of Population 44% 30% 54% Of Population 77% 86% 77% Of Population 16. 6% 21. 8% 13. 4% Q7. Mention the common success story of India &Pakistan.Ans; i) A substantial rise in GDP per capita. ii) Self-sufficiency in food production. iii) Dualistic nature of the economy is gradually declining. iv) Considerable increase in the incidence of poverty. Q8. Mention the common failures of India and Pakistan. Ans. I) Relatively slow pace of GDP growth rate as Compared to China. 2) Poor performance in HDI ranking. 3) Poor fiscal management. 4) Lack of political interest for social prosperity. Q 9. Mention the areas where India has an edge over Pakistan. Ans. i) Skilled manpower ii) Investment in Education. ii) Health facilities. Q10. Mention the areas where Pakistan has an edge over India. Ans: 1) Urbanization 2) Less percentage of population below poverty line. 3) More percentage of population having access to improved water sources. Q11. Mention the areas where China has an edge over India. Ans. 1) China has successfully focused on Pro-poor reforms. 2) Agrarian reforms have been effectively carried out. 3) Export driven manufacturing has significantly grown, adding to t he pace of GDP growth. 4) SEZ policy has proved to be a boon for FDI flow in India. Page | 76

Stefan’s Diaries: Origins Chapter 30

Though Damon wanted to die alone, I had unfinished business to attend to. I made my way from the quarry and began to walk back to the estate. The woods smelled like smoke, and the leaves were starting to turn. They crunched under the worn boots I had on my feet, and I remembered all the times Damon and I had played hide-and-seek as children. I wondered if he had any regrets, or if he felt as empty as I did. I wondered if we'd see each other in Heaven, being as we were. I walked toward the house. The carriage house was charred and burned, its beams exposed like a skeleton. Several of the statues around the labyrinth were broken, and torches and debris littered the once-lush lawn. But the porch light at the main house was on, and a buggy stood at attention beneath the portico. I walked around the back and heard voices coming from the porch. Immediately, I dove under the hedges. Hidden by the leaves, I crawled on my hands and knees against the wall until I came to the bay window that looked into the porch. Peering in, I made out the shadow of my father. A single candle cast weak beams of light around the room, and I noticed that Alfred wasn't in his normal spot sitting at the door, ready to instantly greet guests. I wondered if any of the servants had been killed. â€Å"More brandy, Jonathan? Laced with vervain. Not that we need to worry anymore,† Father said, his words floating out the door. â€Å"Thank you, Giuseppe. And thank you for having me here. I realize you have much on your mind,† answered Jonathan somberly, as he accepted the tumbler. I saw the concern etched on Jonathan's face, and my heart went out to him for the terrible truth he'd had to learn about Pearl. â€Å"Y Thank you,† Father said, waving off the es. thought. â€Å"But it's important that we end this sad chapter of our town's history. It is the one thing I want to do for my sons. After all, I do not want the Salvatore legacy to be that of demon sympathizers.† Father cleared his throat. â€Å"So the battle of Willow Creek happened when a group of Union insurgents mounted an attack on the Confederate camp,† he began in his sonorous baritone voice, as if telling a story. â€Å"And Stefan and Damon hid out in the woods to see if they could find any rogue soldiers, and at that point †¦,† Jonathan continued. â€Å"At that point they were tragically killed, just like the twenty-three other civilians who died for their country and their beliefs. It was a Confederate victory, but it came at the cost of innocent lives,† Father said, raising his voice as if to make himself believe the story he was weaving. â€Å"Y And I'll speak with the Hagertys about es. creating a monument. Something to acknowledge this terrible period in our town's history,† Jonathan murmured. I raised myself up on my knees, peeking through a spot at the corner of the window. I saw Father nodding in satisfaction, and cold seeped through my veins. So this was the legacy of my death–that I was killed by a band of degenerate soldiers. Now I knew I needed to speak to Father more than ever. He needed to hear the whole truth, to know that Damon and I weren't sympathizers, to know that the problem could have been cured without so much bloodshed and violence. â€Å"But Giuseppe †¦ ?† Jonathan asked, taking a long drink from his tumbler. â€Å"Y Jonathan?† es, â€Å"It is a triumphant moment in our town's history. The vampires are destroyed, and their bodies will turn to dust. We rid the town of the scourge, and thanks to the burning of the church, it will never come back. There were hard choices and heroism, but we won. That is your legacy,† Jonathan said as he slammed his ledger closed with a definitive thump. Father nodded and drained his own tumbler, then stood up. â€Å"Thank you,† he said, holding out his hand. I watched as the two men shook hands, then watched as Jonathan disappeared into the shadows of the house. A moment later, I heard his carriage being hitched and the horses riding away. I crawled to the edge of the hedgerow. I stood up, my knees creaking, and walked through the door and into the house that was once mine.

Finding the concentration of sodium carbonate Essay Example

Finding the concentration of sodium carbonate Essay Example Finding the concentration of sodium carbonate Paper Finding the concentration of sodium carbonate Paper Finding the concentration of sodium carbonate:Mass (Na2CO3 transferred to volumetric flask)= [mass (weighing bottle) + mass (Na2CO3)]-[mass(weighing bottle after emptying)]=15.24g 12.59g=2.65gMolar mass (Na2CO3)Na=23C=12O=162Na x 1C x 3O = molar mass= (2 x 23) + 16 + (3 x 16)=106Number of mols (Na2CO3) = mass/molar mass=2.65g/106=0.025molNumber of mols (Na2CO3) = concentration x volume10000.025 mol. = conc. x 250cm31000Concentration (Na2CO3) = 0.1 mol.dm-3ResultsTitrationInitial Burette Reading (cm3)Final Burette Reading (cm3)Difference (cm3)1 (rough)0.0032.0032.0025.0036.2531.2531.1032.3031.2040.0031.2531.25510.0044.3034.30The first and last results are not included in the average since the first is only a rough titration so that later ones can be more accurate and the last is an anomalous result.Therefore the average is:(31.25+31.20+31.25) / 3 = 31.23cm3We can now number of moles of calcium carbonate using this equation:Number of moles = concentration x volume1000=0.1251000=0.0025 mol.The following reaction took place:H2SO4(aq) + Na2CO3 (aq) Na2SO4 (aq) +H2O(l) + CO2 (g)There is a 1:1 ratio of sulphuric acid to sodium carbonate.Therefore the number of moles of H2SO4 will be the same as those of Na2CO3.Number of moles of H2SO4= 0.0025molsNow we can work out the concentration of H2SO4 with this equationNumber of moles = concentration x volume10000.0025 mol. = conc. x 25cm31000Concentration (H2SO4) = 0.08 mol.dm-3 (2 d.p.)Evaluating Evidence and procedures.The final titration was an anomalous result 34.30cm3. A result much larger than the average of 32.23cm3 (3.07cm3 larger). All the other results (apart from the first which is only a rough titration so that later ones can be more accurate) were 0.05 of the average.The anomalous result could be down to a number of reasons. Such as the conical flask not being rinsed properly, leaving a small amount of water in the bottom, diluting the solution further. There may also have been errors in the readings. Or simply missing the end point by not swirling enough or turning off the burette quick enough.Out of the 5 results collected 2 have been ignored, this leaves us with only 3 results to find an average with.Another factor to consider is percentage error.% Error = actual error/ size of measurement x 100The balance that was used has an error of + or 0.005g. 4 measurements were taken:12.57g% Error = 0.005/12.57100=0.04%15.24g% Error = 0.005/15.24100=0.03%12.59g% Error = 0.005/12.59100=0.04%2.65g% Error = 0.005/2.65100=0.19One drop from the burette has a volume of approx. 0.05cm3, this gives an error of + or 0.05. The average titre was 32.23cm3; therefore the following % error occurred:0.05/32.23100= 0.16%There may also be error when using the pipette, if used correctly the error is + or 0.06cm3 therefore:0.06/25100=0.24%The volumetric flask could also produce an error; if the bottom of the meniscus rests on the calibration line the error is 0.2cm3. So:0.2/250X100= 0.08%The largest % errors are produced when using the burette and pipette. Therefore more care is to be taken when taking readings from them.The total % error =0.78%. Therefore the results can be 0.78% larger or smaller than the results I collected: 0.78% of 32.23cm3= + or 0.25. Therefore the exact result is between 31.98and 32.48.The errors in procedure could arise in the following:* Solution in volumetric flask partially mixed.* Burette and pipette not rinsed properly* Conical flask not rinsed properly between titrations.* Acid not added drop by drop as the end point approached.* Swirling not a continuous action, allowing the end point to be missed.* Too much or too little indicator.The middle 3 results are the only results accurate enough to use as evidence. If I were to use these results as evidence I would only include the middle three results and then continue until I had 10 results within 0.1 of each other. The % error of the experiment was very small (0.78%) this means the three useable results appear to be reasonably accurate.There are many ways to improve the experiment:* More repetitions, the more repetitions you do the more accurate your end point should be and the average would be more accurate as you are taking into account more results.* Ensure the pipette, burette and volumetric flask readings are done at eye level on a horizontal surface. This makes the readings the readings more accurate.* Use a thinner burette so that changes in volume are even more noticeable and lowering % error.* Add the solution in drips rather than a steady stream. This would make the end point much more accurate.If the experiment is performed in pairs it would make the burette readings more accurate, as 1 person could swirl the solution and the other could handle the burette. This would allow the swirling to be constant as the burette handler could concentrate on finding the end point accurately.

Marbury v. Madison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marbury v. Madison - Essay Example The President issued the slots and the senate approved them (Smith, 1996, p.524). Some appointments, however, were termed void. The legislation was later amended, and Jefferson later eliminated some commissions, including Marbury, and re-assigned some slots to the Democratic-Republican members. Marbury filed a petition in the Supreme Court for the writ of mandamus. This led to the issues as to whether Marbury had a right to the commission, whether the law awards him a remedy, whether the Supreme Court had the original jurisdiction to issue writs of mandamus, whether the Supreme Court had the mandate to review acts of Congress and thereby determine whether they were unconstitutional and whether the Congress could increase the Supreme Court’s mandate as provided for under Article III of the Constitution. The court held that Marbury bore a right to the commission and had a remedy. It was further provided that the Supreme Court bore the mandate to review and determine whether acts of Congress were unconstitutional, that Congress had no mandate to expand the Supreme Courts original jurisdiction beyond what is provided for under the Constitution’s Article III and that the Supreme Court lacks the original jurisdiction to issue writs of mandamus. This decision resulted in instituting of the model of Judicial Review, which is the judiciary’s ability to assert a law as unconstitutional. The case facilitated the principle of checks and balances within the government. It was, therefore, a win for the Democrat-Republicans as Marbury failed to attain the position of Justice of the

Explore the main reasons for political behavior in organizations Essay

Explore the main reasons for political behavior in organizations - Essay Example Imbalance between personal ambition of employees and interest of the organization. A sense of competition among employees whereby one employee tends to create a better impression on the management and presents are dark image of the others Is politics necessarily a negative force Politics play a central role in all organizations, but questions are now increasingly being raised on its effects on an organization. It is a common practice to paint organizational politics in black but a growing body of evidence suggests that managing it can have extremely powerful positive effects (Butcher and Clarke 2006) There are several real time examples where politics has proved to be helpful for the organization A recent report asserts that 58% managers say 'they have experienced the constructive use of office politicc and 61% say they have personally engaged in political behaviour which resulted in a positive outcome for their organisation'. (Park R. The Power of Constructive Politics) References Butcher D and Clarke M Using Politics in Organisations ,Smart Management Coady, C "Politics and the Problem of Dirty Hands," in A Companion to Ethics, ed. P. Singer (Oxford: Blackwell, 1991), p. 373. For references to the extensive literature see Coady's article and M. Stocker, Plural and Conflicting Values (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990) pp. 9-10. Hoch C What planners do : power, politics, and persuasion Chicago, Ill. : Planners Press : American Planning Association, 1994. www.roffeypark.com/research Summary "32% of managers believe it simply isn't possible to use office politics constructively because human nature is so appallingly selfish that people will always guard their... The sources of power (people at higher position referred to as legitimate power, groups in position to help, people in position to punish and reward referred to as coercive and reward power respectively) A recent report asserts that 58% managers say 'they have experienced the constructive use of office politicc and 61% say they have personally engaged in political behaviour which resulted in a positive outcome for their organisation'. (Park R. The Power of Constructive Politics) Coady, C "Politics and the Problem of Dirty Hands," in A Companion to Ethics, ed. P. Singer (Oxford: Blackwell, 1991), p. 373. For references to the extensive literature see Coady's article and M. Stocker, Plural and Conflicting Values (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990) pp. 9-10. "32% of managers believe it simply isn't possible to use office politics constructively because human nature is so appallingly selfish that people will always guard their turf and abuse their role power" Roffey Park, 2006 Politics at the organizational level is similar but not the same as world or national politics. The former is best defined as the use of power and influence to gain personal ends. In some cases this is done with a complete disregard for the employer or the organization.